feat: establish reservation portal foundation

app/Domain/Reservations/Enums/ReservationItemStatus.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Domain\Reservations\Enums;
+
+enum ReservationItemStatus: string
+{
+    case Held = 'held';
+    case Reserved = 'reserved';
+    case Ready = 'ready';
+    case Delivered = 'delivered';
+    case Returned = 'returned';
+    case Cancelled = 'cancelled';
+    case Failed = 'failed';
+
+    /** @return list<string> */
+    public static function blockingValues(): array
+    {
+        return [self::Held->value, self::Reserved->value, self::Ready->value, self::Delivered->value];
+    }
+}

app/Domain/Reservations/Enums/ReservationStatus.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Domain\Reservations\Enums;
+
+enum ReservationStatus: string
+{
+    case Draft = 'draft';
+    case PendingApproval = 'pending_approval';
+    case AwaitingInformation = 'awaiting_information';
+    case Approved = 'approved';
+    case Ready = 'ready';
+    case Delivered = 'delivered';
+    case InUse = 'in_use';
+    case Returned = 'returned';
+    case Completed = 'completed';
+    case Rejected = 'rejected';
+    case Cancelled = 'cancelled';
+    case Expired = 'expired';
+    case NoShow = 'no_show';
+    case Overdue = 'overdue';
+    case Incident = 'incident';
+
+    /** @return list<self> */
+    public function allowedTransitions(): array
+    {
+        return match ($this) {
+            self::Draft => [self::PendingApproval, self::Cancelled],
+            self::PendingApproval => [self::AwaitingInformation, self::Approved, self::Rejected, self::Cancelled, self::Expired],
+            self::AwaitingInformation => [self::PendingApproval, self::Rejected, self::Cancelled, self::Expired],
+            self::Approved => [self::Ready, self::Cancelled],
+            self::Ready => [self::Delivered, self::NoShow, self::Cancelled],
+            self::Delivered => [self::InUse, self::Returned, self::Overdue, self::Incident],
+            self::InUse, self::Overdue, self::Incident => [self::Returned],
+            self::Returned => [self::Completed, self::Incident],
+            self::Completed, self::Rejected, self::Cancelled, self::Expired, self::NoShow => [],
+        };
+    }
+
+    public function canTransitionTo(self $next): bool
+    {
+        return in_array($next, $this->allowedTransitions(), true);
+    }
+}

app/Domain/Reservations/Models/AssetBlock.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Domain\Reservations\Models;
+
+use App\Domain\Inventory\Models\SnipeAsset;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+
+class AssetBlock extends Model
+{
+    protected $fillable = ['snipe_asset_id', 'starts_at', 'ends_at', 'reason', 'created_by'];
+
+    protected function casts(): array
+    {
+        return ['starts_at' => 'immutable_datetime', 'ends_at' => 'immutable_datetime'];
+    }
+
+    /** @return BelongsTo<SnipeAsset, $this> */
+    public function asset(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(SnipeAsset::class, 'snipe_asset_id');
+    }
+}

app/Domain/Reservations/Models/Reservation.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Domain\Reservations\Models;
+
+use App\Domain\Reservations\Enums\ReservationStatus;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Concerns\HasUuids;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
+
+class Reservation extends Model
+{
+    use HasUuids;
+
+    protected $fillable = [
+        'uuid', 'reference', 'requester_id', 'purpose', 'usage_location', 'starts_at',
+        'ends_at', 'status', 'approval_deadline', 'approved_by', 'approved_at',
+        'rejected_by', 'rejected_at', 'decision_reason', 'cancelled_by',
+        'cancelled_at', 'cancellation_reason',
+    ];
+
+    /** @return list<string> */
+    public function uniqueIds(): array
+    {
+        return ['uuid'];
+    }
+
+    protected function casts(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'status' => ReservationStatus::class,
+            'starts_at' => 'immutable_datetime',
+            'ends_at' => 'immutable_datetime',
+            'approval_deadline' => 'immutable_datetime',
+            'approved_at' => 'immutable_datetime',
+            'rejected_at' => 'immutable_datetime',
+            'cancelled_at' => 'immutable_datetime',
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /** @return BelongsTo<User, $this> */
+    public function requester(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'requester_id');
+    }
+
+    /** @return HasMany<ReservationItem, $this> */
+    public function items(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(ReservationItem::class);
+    }
+}

app/Domain/Reservations/Models/ReservationItem.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Domain\Reservations\Models;
+
+use App\Domain\Inventory\Models\SnipeAsset;
+use App\Domain\Reservations\Enums\ReservationItemStatus;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+
+class ReservationItem extends Model
+{
+    protected $fillable = [
+        'reservation_id', 'snipe_asset_id', 'starts_at', 'ends_at', 'status',
+        'delivered_at', 'returned_at', 'checkout_reference', 'checkin_reference',
+        'condition_out', 'condition_in', 'notes',
+    ];
+
+    protected function casts(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'status' => ReservationItemStatus::class,
+            'starts_at' => 'immutable_datetime',
+            'ends_at' => 'immutable_datetime',
+            'delivered_at' => 'immutable_datetime',
+            'returned_at' => 'immutable_datetime',
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /** @return BelongsTo<Reservation, $this> */
+    public function reservation(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Reservation::class);
+    }
+
+    /** @return BelongsTo<SnipeAsset, $this> */
+    public function asset(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(SnipeAsset::class, 'snipe_asset_id');
+    }
+}

app/Domain/Reservations/Services/AvailabilityService.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Domain\Reservations\Services;
+
+use App\Domain\Inventory\Models\SnipeAsset;
+use App\Domain\Reservations\Enums\ReservationItemStatus;
+use DateTimeInterface;
+
+class AvailabilityService
+{
+    public function isAvailable(SnipeAsset $asset, DateTimeInterface $startsAt, DateTimeInterface $endsAt): bool
+    {
+        if (! $asset->active || ! $asset->requestable || $asset->assigned_id !== null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $hasReservationConflict = $asset->reservationItems()
+            ->whereIn('status', ReservationItemStatus::blockingValues())
+            ->where('starts_at', '<', $endsAt)
+            ->where('ends_at', '>', $startsAt)
+            ->exists();
+
+        if ($hasReservationConflict) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return ! $asset->blocks()
+            ->where('starts_at', '<', $endsAt)
+            ->where('ends_at', '>', $startsAt)
+            ->exists();
+    }
+}

app/Domain/Reservations/Services/ReservationService.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Domain\Reservations\Services;
+
+use App\Domain\Audit\Models\AuditLog;
+use App\Domain\Inventory\Models\SnipeAsset;
+use App\Domain\Reservations\Enums\ReservationItemStatus;
+use App\Domain\Reservations\Enums\ReservationStatus;
+use App\Domain\Reservations\Models\Reservation;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Carbon\CarbonImmutable;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
+
+class ReservationService
+{
+    public function __construct(private readonly AvailabilityService $availability) {}
+
+    /**
+     * @param  array{purpose:string, usage_location:string, starts_at:string, ends_at:string, asset_ids:list<int>}  $data
+     */
+    public function createPending(User $requester, array $data): Reservation
+    {
+        $startsAt = CarbonImmutable::parse($data['starts_at']);
+        $endsAt = CarbonImmutable::parse($data['ends_at']);
+
+        return DB::transaction(function () use ($requester, $data, $startsAt, $endsAt): Reservation {
+            $assets = SnipeAsset::query()
+                ->whereKey($data['asset_ids'])
+                ->lockForUpdate()
+                ->get();
+
+            if ($assets->count() !== count(array_unique($data['asset_ids']))) {
+                throw ValidationException::withMessages(['asset_ids' => 'Um ou mais equipamentos já não estão disponíveis.']);
+            }
+
+            $unavailable = $assets->filter(
+                fn (SnipeAsset $asset): bool => ! $this->availability->isAvailable($asset, $startsAt, $endsAt)
+            );
+
+            if ($unavailable->isNotEmpty()) {
+                throw ValidationException::withMessages([
+                    'asset_ids' => 'Conflito de disponibilidade: '.$unavailable->pluck('name')->join(', ').'.',
+                ]);
+            }
+
+            $reservation = Reservation::create([
+                'reference' => $this->nextReference(),
+                'requester_id' => $requester->id,
+                'purpose' => $data['purpose'],
+                'usage_location' => $data['usage_location'],
+                'starts_at' => $startsAt,
+                'ends_at' => $endsAt,
+                'status' => ReservationStatus::PendingApproval,
+                'approval_deadline' => now()->addHours(48),
+            ]);
+
+            foreach ($assets as $asset) {
+                $reservation->items()->create([
+                    'snipe_asset_id' => $asset->id,
+                    'starts_at' => $startsAt,
+                    'ends_at' => $endsAt,
+                    'status' => ReservationItemStatus::Held,
+                ]);
+            }
+
+            AuditLog::create([
+                'actor_id' => $requester->id,
+                'event' => 'reservation.submitted',
+                'auditable_type' => $reservation->getMorphClass(),
+                'auditable_id' => $reservation->id,
+                'after' => $reservation->only(['reference', 'purpose', 'usage_location', 'starts_at', 'ends_at', 'status']),
+                'metadata' => ['asset_ids' => $assets->modelKeys()],
+            ]);
+
+            return $reservation->load('items.asset');
+        }, 3);
+    }
+
+    private function nextReference(): string
+    {
+        do {
+            $reference = 'REQ-'.now()->format('Ymd').'-'.Str::upper(Str::random(6));
+        } while (Reservation::where('reference', $reference)->exists());
+
+        return $reference;
+    }
+}